{"id":4575,"date":"2025-02-25T06:35:12","date_gmt":"2025-02-25T06:35:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.uehiroethics.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/en\/?page_id=4575"},"modified":"2026-03-01T01:34:33","modified_gmt":"2026-03-01T01:34:33","slug":"projects","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/en.uehiroethics.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/en\/projects\/","title":{"rendered":"Projects"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Projects<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Project Overview<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Rapid developments in science, medicine, and engineering have enriched our lives. However, when conducting advanced research or applying its outcomes to society, various Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI) may arise. In recent years, there has been growing interest not only in responding to ELSI, but also in \u201cResponsible Research and Innovation\u201d (RRI), \u2014an approach that envisions the kind of future society we want to live in and then works backwards to determine the ideal form research and development should take.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

As research and development transcend national boundaries, ELSI\/RRI efforts must adopt an international perspective. Under these circumstances, large-scale research projects around the world are increasingly emphasizing ELSI\/RRI, and there is growing global demand for \u201cexperts in applied ethics.\u201d<\/p>

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In this division, several projects have been undertaken to meet these expectations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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A. ELSI\/RRI in Advanced Science<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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ELSI of Neuroscience Technologies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Brain organoids are three-dimensional brain tissues created by cultivating iPS cells and cells from other sources outside the human body. Although the current technology can only produce small structures, it can replicate certain parts of the brain and thus help us understand how the brain functions.<\/p>

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They hold promise for elucidating the mechanisms underlying poorly understood neurological diseases and for developing treatments for such conditions. Research is expanding to include transplanting brain organoids into animals or connecting them to computers to advance this field.<\/p>

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At the same time, artificially creating something as singular as the human \u201cbrain\u201d raises social concerns. This project aims to examine diverse issues emerging from brain organoid research and its societal applications, ultimately proposing ethical and legal frameworks that enable responsible research and development.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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ELSI in Developmental Research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Developmental biology studies how a fertilized egg develops into an embryo. Rapid advances in this field have aimed to understand the process by which a single fertilized cell, guided by various genes, differentiates into our complex bodies.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

Understanding human development is essential for understanding congenital genetic disorders and advancing regenerative and reproductive medicine.\u00a0However, unrestricted research on embryos, which have the potential to grow into babies, poses many problems. Thus, many countries prohibit the culturing of human embryos outside the body for more than 14 days. Consequently, numerous unknowns remain concerning early human development after this 14-day mark. Recently, the creation of \u201cembryo models\u201d using iPS cells to mimic fertilized eggs has gained traction.<\/span><\/p>

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This project aims to propose ethical and legal frameworks for developmental research in modern society by examining the ethical, legal, and social issues it raises.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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ELSI in Genome Editing and Synthetic Biology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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The \u201cgenome\u201d refers to the complete set of genetic information in an organism. Genome editing allows for the modification of genes within the genome, thereby altering the functions of specific proteins. This technology can produce eggs with fewer allergens, fish with more meat, and potatoes that do not cause food poisoning. It also holds promise for the development of treatments for hereditary diseases in humans.<\/p>

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However, concerns have been raised regarding the safety of genome editing, such as \u201coff-target effects,\u201d in which genes that are not intended to be edited are cut. Furthermore, reports from overseas that genome-edited children have been born highlight significant ethical, legal, and social problems.<\/p>

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This project comprehensively examines the ethical challenges that accompany genome editing in humans, animals, and crops, taking into account the history of eugenics and related ideologies. It proposes recommendations on how society should engage with this technology and what rules and procedures are necessary. Hiroshima University is a leading research hub for genome editing in Japan, and we will proceed with this research in cooperation with the genome editing researchers at the university.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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B. ELSI\/RRI in Advanced Medicine<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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ELSI in Reproductive Technologies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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The nature of human reproduction\u2014how we conceive children\u2014has rapidly changed owing to various scientific and technological advances. The world\u2019s first successful in vitro fertilization (IVF) was carried out in 1978. By 2024, approximately one in ten babies in Japan were born through IVF.<\/p>

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Reproductive technologies have helped many people who previously could not have children as well as those worried about health issues and have even assisted prematurely born infants. Research and development continue, and possibilities like \u201cartificial wombs,\u201d which could gestate a baby completely outside the human body, are within sight.<\/p>

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However, these technologies raise issues of safety, equity in access, and social acceptance of new forms of reproduction. Focusing on emerging reproductive technologies, this project explores their appropriate development and use from a broad range of perspectives.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Rethinking Concepts of Disability and Medicine<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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As interest in barrier-free environments and reasonable accommodations grows, the international community increasingly demands that we reconsider our understanding of disability and disease.<\/p>


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For instance, it was long common to think that if a person with a physical disability could not access a public facility like a bus, the problem lay with their body, but the \u201csocial model of disability\u201d holds that the problem lies in society\u2019s infrastructure, which can be changed so that everyone can access public facilities. This idea is gradually gaining support.<\/p>


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While the social model of disability is crucial for building an inclusive society, it raises new questions. Even among people with the same \u201cdisability,\u201d views and feelings about that disability differ greatly. Technologies developed to support people with disabilities may not always be universally welcomed or beneficial from their perspective. Moreover, those with nonphysical disabilities, such as developmental or mental health conditions, have different experiences and needs than those with physical disabilities.<\/p>


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This project aims to clarify the ethical issues surrounding disabilities and diseases, particularly those concerning the use of advanced science and technology for support. By respecting the diversity of disabilities, conditions, and opinions of those affected, we aim to explore how science and technology can contribute to a truly inclusive society by collaborating with stakeholders.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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C. ELSI\/RRI in Advanced Engineering<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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ELSI in Digital Haptics Technology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\u201cHaptics\u201d derives from the Greek verb \u201chaptesthai,\u201d meaning \u201cto touch,\u201d and today, it refers to technologies that detect human touch and provide tactile feedback through forces and vibrations. Users are likely already familiar with this technology in devices like smartphones and game controllers.<\/p>

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Digital haptics technology converts tactile information into digital data, enabling the reproduction, enhancement, and extension of the sense of touch. It has promising applications in fields such as medicine, education, and entertainment as well as in industrial and architectural settings. For example, combining visual and auditory information with digitally recreated sensations of weight and impact can create more immersive gaming or VR experiences. In the future, doctors may use digital haptics to convey tactile information to patients in remote locations or even perform remote surgery.<\/p>

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Although the potential applications of digital haptics technology are wide ranging, their legal, ethical, and social implications have not been sufficiently explored. In this project, we collaborate with an engineering research group based at Hiroshima University to examine the ELSI that may emerge during the research, development, and social implementation of digital haptics and engage in RRI-based social practice.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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ELSI in Mixed Traffic\u200b<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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New kinds of devices, such as electric scooters and autonomous delivery robots, are beginning to share the same streets we use every day. As this mixed traffic becomes more common, people are increasingly concerned about safety and about how these new modes of movement should fit into society.<\/p>

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In this project, we explore these issues with engineers, legal scholars, and psychologists. We explore questions such as who should have priority on the road, who is responsible when accidents happen, and what kinds of rules and shared expectations are needed. Our goal is to create safer streets, especially for pedestrians and other vulnerable road users.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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D. ELSI\/RRI Methodology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Theoretical and Empirical Studies on ELSI\/RRI<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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ELSI refers to the ethical, legal, and social issues that arise during the course of research and the development of new scientific and technological innovations. Existing laws and regulations may not fully address the challenges posed by new technologies, which sometimes necessitates the establishment of novel ethical standards. For example, generative AI can produce fake news, and generative AI-produced illustrations might result in copyright infringement lawsuits, issues that provoke anxiety and debate on social media. Beyond understanding how society might accept a particular technology, it is also important to consider how society can engage with and nurture it.<\/p>

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RRI is a research practice that envisions the \u201cideal form\u201d of advanced technologies in collaboration with various stakeholders and works backward from that ideal to guide research and development. In considering what this \u201cideal form\u201d should be, serving the public interest, being ethically acceptable, and being economically, socially, and environmentally sustainable are crucial.<\/p>

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Internationally, considering ELSI and RRI in research and development is now encouraged; however, there is still no global consensus on what kinds of activities are practically or normatively desirable. In this course, we not only address the ELSI\/RRI of individual scientific and technological fields through our projects but also critically re-examine ELSI\/RRI initiatives themselves, aiming to disseminate improved practices from Hiroshima University to the world.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Examining Methodologies in Empirical Applied Ethics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Applied ethics investigates the ethical issues of values and obligations across a wide range of fields including cutting-edge science, medicine, and engineering. Traditionally, ethical problems have been addressed primarily by ethics specialists using theoretical approaches. Empirical applied ethics, however, goes a step further, examining how various people\u2014beyond just ethics experts\u2014think about such issues and using these \u201cdata\u201d to inform ethical inquiry.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>

By employing empirical data, this approach hopes to bring new insight to ethics that theoretical research alone cannot provide. Incorporating perspectives beyond those of ethics specialists is expected to enrich ethical debates with greater diversity.<\/p>

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However, researchers have yet to agree on how to apply such data to ethical discussions or policymaking. After all, what most people support is not necessarily ethically correct; therefore, caution is essential when integrating data into ethics.<\/p>

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This project aims to explore and propose new ways of utilizing ethical data. As other projects also survey the opinions of many people on applied ethics issues, this project plays a foundational role in providing theoretical underpinnings for others.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Experimental Philosophy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Experimental philosophy is an approach that studies how people actually think about philosophical and ethical questions, and seeks to use those insights to inform philosophy and ethics. By comparing people\u2019s views across different situations, it allows researchers to examine specific philosophical or ethical questions in greater depth. Because of this, experimental philosophy can produce data that are more directly connected to philosophical and ethical debates than those from standard social surveys.<\/p>


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We apply this approach across several areas to better understand people\u2019s moral views and deepen discussions of ELSI.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Projects Project Overview Rapid developments in science, medicine, and engineering have enriched our lives. However, when conducting advanced research or applying its outcomes to society, various Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues (ELSI) may arise. In recent years, there has been growing interest not only in responding to ELSI, but also in \u201cResponsible Research and Innovation\u201d (RRI), \u2014an approach that envisions the kind of future society we want to live in and then works backwards to determine the ideal form research and development should take. \u00a0 As research and development transcend national boundaries, ELSI\/RRI efforts must adopt an international perspective. Under these circumstances, large-scale research projects around the world are increasingly emphasizing ELSI\/RRI, and there is growing global demand for \u201cexperts in applied ethics.\u201d \u00a0 In this division, several projects have been undertaken to meet these expectations. A. ELSI\/RRI in Advanced Science ELSI of Neuroscience Technolog<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4575","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.uehiroethics.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.uehiroethics.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.uehiroethics.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.uehiroethics.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/en.uehiroethics.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4575"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/en.uehiroethics.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4575\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5017,"href":"https:\/\/en.uehiroethics.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4575\/revisions\/5017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/en.uehiroethics.hiroshima-u.ac.jp\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}